<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mackinson, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasconcellos, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pitcher, T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walters, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sloman, K.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem impacts of harvesting small pelagic fish in upwelling systems: Using a dynamic mass-balance model</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">01483 Species interactions: general</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ASW,</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">commercial species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depleted stocks</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fishery management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishing mortality</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Food availability</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">food chains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forage fish</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">impact</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INE, USA, California, Monterey Bay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISE, Peru</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">marine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pelagic fisheries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pisces</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population dynamics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q1</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q1 01341 General</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Q1 01604 Stock assessment and management</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trophodynamic cycle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Upwelling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venezuela</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">American Fisheries Society</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">731-749</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1566120497</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A dynamic mass-balance model, ECOSIM, is used to compare the trophic impacts of harvesting small pelagic fish in three upwelling ecosystems, previously described using the ECOPATH mass-balance approach: Peru, Venezuela, and Monterey Bay. Four different simulated fishing regimes were considered for up to 100 years. Heavy exploitation of small pelagics resulted in increased biomass of their food and competitors, while their predators usually declined. Higher trophic levels were found to take the longest time to recover. Predicted ecosystem responses under assumptions of top-down and bottom-up control suggest that, in the Peruvian system, food limitation through bottom-up control cannot explain the switch of species from anchovy to sardine. Predictions of the fishing mortality for maximum sustainable yield in small pelagics were higher than those obtained by single species approaches. By asking &quot;what if?&quot; questions, this work highlights some of the insights that ECOSIM may offer in the development of ecosystem management principles for pelagic fisheries. Limitations and notes of caution in running the model are discussed.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4287477</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conference Int. Symp. on the Role of Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems, Anchorage, Alaska (USA), 13-16 Nov 1996Forage Fishes in Marine Ecosystems., American Fisheries Society, 1997Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium Series [Lowell Wakefield Fish. Symp. Ser.], no. 14Price US$40.00.Ak-sg-97-01EnglishBook Monograph; Conference</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>